Well behaved robots will identify themselves, often supplying web or email addresses you can contact. In any case, the pattern of pages being read and the IP addresses being used soon sorts the men from the robots.
Good robots will read robots.txt to see what your site policy is, but there are other ways of spotting robots. In addition to the search engine robots, other "user agents" will visit your site, e.g. to validate links to your site from other people's pages. Often these will just access the HEAD of the file, rather than doing a GET on the whole file.
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